ABSTRACT
Vein of GALEN aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare congenital disease caused by arteriovenous shunts between the choroidal arteries and the porencephalic ectatic vein. The diagnosis is often made in utero or during infancy, endovascular treatment remains the most suitable therapeutic means in a well-equipped environment. Here we report here the case of a patient complaining of headache for 1 year, and whose brain CT imaging showed the presence of Galen veinaneurysm with associated non-communicating hydrocephalus. In the absence of the appropriate technical platform, the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt relieved our patient’s symptoms
ABSTRACT
Background: Till recent times, defining symptoms of PCOS remained a debatable topic. In 2012, National Institute of health consensus panel proposed diagnostic criteria based on phenotypes. Evidence showed higher incidence of diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia among women with PCOS. So, the present study was undertaken to compare the clinical, metabolic and hormonal profile among various phenotypes in women with PCOS and to find out the prevalence of insulin resistance among the PCOS phenotypes.Methods: The prospective, observational study was done on 292 women with PCOS-related infertility. These women were divided into 4 phenotypes. Ferriman-Gallwey score, HOMA-IR, OGTT, lipid parameters, hormonal parameters, mean ovarian volume and mean antral follicle counts were compared among the 4 phenotypic groups. One-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey was applied.Results: Mean weight, BMI, waist circumference, SBP, DBP and Ferriman-Gallwey score, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, OGTT (1 hour) and HOMA-IR was highest in phenotype A, while fasting glucose / insulin ratio was lowest in phenotype A. Total triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL were higher and HDL was lowest, testosterone, mean ovarian volume and mean antral follicle count were highest and vitamin D was lowest in Phenotype A.Conclusions: Phenotype A is the group with all features of PCOS syndrome, while phenotype D is associated with milder metabolic profile. Women with phenotype A and B are at a higher risk for metabolic syndrome. Identifying various phenotypes will assist in providing appropriate treatment and prognosticating the patients with PCOS-related infertility.
ABSTRACT
Background:Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer world wide. It is preventable and curable if detected at early stages. Conventional cervical cytology using pap smears is most commonly used cervical screening method throughout the world. The aim of the study is to evaluate and interpret the cervical pap smear cytology in a tertiary care hospital . The interpretation and reporting of the cervical pap smears is based on the Bethesda system. Material and methods: This is a retrosceptive study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Jammu over a period of 3 years. All the cervical pap smears received in the Department of Pathology, GMC Jammu, in the study period were included (expect menstruating women, pregnant women and women who had undergone hysterectomy). Results: A total of 300 cases were reported in the Cytology section of the Department of Pathology in the study period of three years. Majority of the cases were Negative for Intraepithelial lesions or malignancy(79%). Reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation were the most common finding (71.6%) followed by bacterial vaginosis(3.33%), candiasis(2%) and trichomanas(2%). Epithelial cell abnormality (6.33%) comprised of ASCUS, LSIL,HSIL& SCC. Conclusion : Pap smears is a simple and cost effective screening method to detect various preinvasive cervical lesions. It should be done routinely in all women in reproductive age group.
ABSTRACT
Background: Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is a rare inborn error of metabolism characterized by neurodevelopmental delay / regression, recurrent petechiae, orthostatic acrocyanosis, and chronic diarrhea. Case Characteristics: 4-year-old boy with developmental regression, chronic diarrhea, petechial spots and acrocyanosis. MRI brain showed T2W/FLAIR hyperintensities in bilateral caudate and putamen. Abnormal acyl-carnitine profile and metabolites on urinary GC-MS analysis suggested the diagnosis. Intervention: Sequencing of ETHE1 gene revealed mutations: c.488G>A and c.375+5G>T (novel). Message: EE is clinically-recognizable disorder with typical clinical features.